 The authors. |
The Lobby also monitors what professors write and teach. In September 2002, Martin Kramer and Daniel Pipes, two passionately pro-Israel neo-conservatives, established a website (Campus Watch) that posted dossiers on suspect academics and encouraged students to report remarks or behaviour that might be considered hostile to Israel.
A brief version of the Mearsheimer and Walt study appeared in the London Review of Books, so I replied to them in a letter to the editor of that publication on March 16, 2006, taking issue with the above quotation.
This account is inaccurate in several ways (e.g. Martin Kramer had no role in founding Campus Watch), but I write specifically to state that no 'Lobby' told me to start Campus Watch. Neither the Middle East Forum nor myself has ever taken orders from some mythical 'Lobby', and specifically I decided to establish Campus Watch on my own, without direction from any outside source. I challenge Mearsheimer and Walt to provide their information that connects this 'Lobby' to my decision to establish Campus Watch.
Daniel Pipes
Philadelphia
My letter was published in the April 6 issue. Mearsheimer and Walt replied to me in a letter in the London Review of Books dated May 11:
the Israel lobby is not a secret, clandestine cabal; on the contrary, it is openly engaged in interest-group politics and there is nothing conspiratorial or illicit about its behaviour. Thus, we can easily believe that Daniel Pipes has never 'taken orders' from the lobby, because the Leninist caricature of the lobby depicted in his letter is one that we clearly dismissed. Readers will also note that Pipes does not deny that his organisation, Campus Watch, was created in order to monitor what academics say, write and teach, so as to discourage them from engaging in open discourse about the Middle East.
To this, I replied to the London Review of Books:
I hesitate to extend my exchange with John J. Mearsheimer and Stephen M. Walt, but their May 11, 2006, letter contains an erroneous passage that compels comment: …
Three responses. First, Mearsheimer and Walt unconditionally concede they have no information about the alleged "lobby" giving me orders concerning Campus Watch, confirming the falsehood of their initial claim.
Second, what they dismiss as a "Leninist caricature" of a lobby – one that strategizes and gives orders – is the only type of lobby that exists. If no one instructed me to begin Campus Watch, how could Campus Watch's coming into existence be part of an organized campaign?
Third, my previous note strove for brevity, so I did not contest Mearsheimer and Walt's inaccuracy about the goal of Campus Watch. I shall do so now: I deny their point that Campus Watch intends to discourage academics "from engaging in open discourse about the Middle East." As the mission statement at www.Campus-Watch.org explains, the project "reviews and critiques Middle East studies in North America with an aim to improving them."
Campus Watch is to Middle East studies as political analysis to politics, film criticism to movies, and consumer reports to manufacturing; we provide assessments for the public. Unlike politicians, actors, and business executives, who accept criticism with good grace, academics howl with umbrage at being judged.
Daniel Pipes
Middle East Forum
Comment: My small role in Mearsheimer and Walt's massive account symbolizes the sloppiness of their account and discredits their conspiracy-theory vision of efforts to build a strong U.S.-Israel bond.
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June 8, 2006 update: The London Review of Books today published an edited version of the second letter quoted above.
Sep. 1, 2006 update: The quarterly journal Middle East Policy has published in its Fall 2006 issue a "revised, updated" version of the Mearsheimer/Walt magnum opus. Curiously, despite denying that they made errrors in their correspondence with me, the co-authors surreptitiously dropped their mention of Martin Kramer as a founder of Campus Watch:
The lobby also monitors what professors write and teach. In September 2002, for example, Daniel Pipes, a passionately pro-Israel neo-conservative, established a website (Campus Watch) that posted dossiers on suspect academics and encouraged students to report remarks or behaviour that might be considered hostile to Israel.
Aug. 27, 2007 update: In their full-blown, 484-page, gossipy book-length version of the above argument, still titled The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, Mearsheimer and Walt retreat a bit further in their account of Campus Watch. They discuss it in a section titled "Policing Academia" that looks at what they call "The lobby's campaign to mold debate about Israel." They go on:
This effort intensified in September 2002, when Daniel Pipes established Campus Watch, a website that posted dossiers on suspect academics and, stealing a page from AIPAC's playbook, encouraged students to report comments or behaviour that might be considered hostile to Israel
Comment: (1) This is the third iteration and it still has lots of basics wrong - starting with the fact that Campus Watch is not primarily focused on Israel but covers the gamut of Middle Eastern topics, and going on to Campus Watch not being limited to a website but a full-blown project with activities unrelated to the Internet. (2) I can't wait to see how the second edition of their book continues to make errors, but this time with a fourth wording.
Sep. 9, 2007 update: For my reasons to stay away from this book - other than correcting the record about myself - see "Learning from the Mearsheimer-Walt Fiasco."
Feb. 21, 2008 update: The inaccuracies of Mearsheimer & Walt, such as this one about Campus Watch and myself, do not actually exist! The book is not an example of sloppy scholarship! At least, that's what Mearsheimer declares in an interview published today:
I've been criticized often, but nobody has ever accused me of sloppy scholarship. Do you think [publishers] Farrar, Straus and Giroux, as a serious publishing house, would allow us to do sloppy scholarship? It flies in the face of common sense. There are 106 pages of endnotes, and Steve and I paid two fact-checkers $16,000 out of our own pockets to check our facts.
As for the content of all those footnotes, Martin Kramer pursued one solitary note that caught his eye and - sure enough - it turns out to be wrong. Not $16,000 well spent, it would appear.
June 21, 2008 update: Middle East Policy published in its Summer 2008 issue a review by Antony T. Sullivan of The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy. Although Sullivan hails the book "one of the most important books written during the past three decades," he also criticizes it for sloppiness on the issue I raise here. He mentions my name in a list of "strongly pro-Israeli individuals" and then observes:
Of course, a number of these hard-core neoconservatives may indeed have accepted financial or other favors from Zionist sources and thereby qualify for specific inclusion in the lobby. But which ones? And what and how much? Mearsheimer and Walt do not say. In the absence of any such evidence, it would be far more accurate to describe these and similar individuals as fellow-travelers of the lobby, not as card-carrying members.
Sullivan also mentions the Middle East Forum in a parallel list of institutions, then asks the same questions of "what and how much"?
Feb. 28, 2010 update: Walt on his own now writes, in an article about Martin Kramer:
He was an early supporter of Campus Watch (the organization Daniel Pipes founded to blacklist scholars it disapproved of).
This avoids some of Walt's prior errors but, as Winfield Myers points out, it still severely misrepresents what Campus Watch does:
Campus Watch was founded to provide a platform for critiquing the highly politicized field of Middle East studies, not to "blacklist scholars it disapproved of." In making this baseless claim, Walt repeats a tired canard and reflects the provincialism of many CW critics, who see themselves as exempt from the type of criticism expected by more seasoned professionals such as lawyers, physicians, politicians, businessmen, and others. Criticism isn't blacklisting, and CW could hardly "blacklist" anyone; with what power would we enforce it?
Myers, who heads Campus Watch, looks back on Walt's four-year long history of errors and plaintively asks, "When will Walt get CW right? When will the Loch Ness Monster be caught? The Cubs win the World Series?"
