Israel's Two Archenemies, Iran and the Palestinians
The array of threats facing Israel make it unlike any other contemporary state

What followed the Oct. 7 massacre clarified a reality: while most people and governments around the world accept the existence of Israel and wish its people well, two determined sets of enemies with different qualities and posing distinct threats want it and its Jewish inhabitants destroyed. Each of them, Iran's regime and the Palestinians, has a network that makes it fearsome in contrasting ways.

Context. The Jewish state has faced a unique barrage of six threats. These include, going from most to least violent:

1. Weapons of mass destruction: Iran poses the primary threat but both Iraq and Syria made earlier efforts to build nuclear bombs, while Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Türkiye have also shown interest.
2. Conventional military attack: Armies, navies, and air forces have attacked Israel on numerous occasions, especially those of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, but also Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Lebanon.
3. Low-intensity warfare, also known as terrorism: Attacks have come from many sides, including the extreme Left (for example, the Japanese Red Army), extreme Right (neo-Nazis), Arab nationalists (the Arab Liberation Front), Palestinian nationalists (the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine), and Islamists (Hamas, Hezbollah, Houthis).
4. Demographic assault: Higher birthrates offer the lure of overwhelming Israel, especially if it can be induced to open its doors to a "right of return."
5. Economic boycott and blockade: Financial and trade boycotts as well as other attempts to undermine its economy have always dogged Israel.
6. Ideological delegitimization: To undermine its appeal, Israel's Palestinian and leftist enemies associate Zionism with imperialism, communism, Nazism, apartheid, racism, white supremacism, Jewish exclusivism, and other repulsive ideas.

The listing prompts two observations. First, no other contemporary state faces such an array of threats; indeed, probably none in history ever has. In this sense, Israel inherited the Jew's burden. Second, Israel has effectively defeated numbers 2 to 5, leaving just No. 1 and No. 6 as major challenges. That is, Iran and the Palestinians.

Iran's seven-part "Ring of Fire" surrounds Israel on three sides.

Hostility from Tehran. From its inception, the Islamic Republic of Iran has defined itself by enmity to the United States and Israel, the so-called Greater and Lesser Satans. Across a 45-year period, the regime has devoted vast resources and endured great hardships in pursuit of these goals. Specifically, it built a "ring of fire" around Israel with the intent of surrounding the Jewish state, in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, the West Bank, Gaza, and even Yemen, with enemies so numerous and well-armed that their combined forces would overwhelm it. While this Iranian effort has won some political support, the main focus has always been on violent means. Iranian aggression has integrated Israel into a regional anti-Tehran alliance.

Scorning Palestinians. The Palestinian threat is more subtle. Israel's strengths and Palestinian weakness rankle the need to win over Palestinians. Already in 1977, Israel's Prime Minister Menachem Begin declared "I don't need Palestinian recognition for my right to exist." Israeli politician and diplomat Abba Eban echoed Begin's view in 1981: "Nobody does Israel any service by proclaiming its 'right to exist'." Benjamin Netanyahu added in 2007, "Our existence does not depend on the willingness of the Palestinians to make peace with us."

The "peace process" that dominated the country's politics for decades receded; by 2013, only 10 percent of Jewish Israelis considered those negotiations the top priority. It played almost no role in the five Israeli elections of 2020-22. For most Israelis, debating the fine points of Palestinian diplomacy became, a former Israeli prime ministerial aide commented, as irrelevant as "debating the color of the shirt you will wear when landing on Mars." Summing up the general mood, Israeli strategist Efraim Inbar dismissed Palestinians as a "strategic nuisance."

But scorn of the Palestinian issue makes sense if one looks only at violence, for Palestinians threaten less than Hezbollah and much less than Iran. They present a different danger, however, flogging an incalculably harmful anti-Zionist narrative to all the world.

Focus on Palestinians. Leftist opposition to Israel focuses its anger narrowly on Israeli policies towards the roughly 3.5 million Palestinians living on the West Bank, in Gaza, and in eastern Jerusalem. This is the Left's almost exclusive issue vis-à-vis Israel. It barely notes or cares about Israel's domestic topics, nor does it care much about foreign matters such as a possible attack on Iran's nuclear infrastructure or Israel's own possession of nuclear weapons.

Through masterful marketing, the perceived victimization of a small and powerless population has catapulted it into becoming a premier global issue of human rights, absorbing infinitely more attention than the far larger conflicts in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, or Myanmar.

Leftist support explains why the Palestinian Authority and Hamas engage in violence against Israel even when they know in advance they will lose every military contest; because they also know that the fighting enhances their status on the Left. Academics tout their cause, apparatchiks send them money, and politicians celebrate their extremism. Palestinians may invariably initiate the violence but Israelis get slammed for responding. Thus, Palestinian attacks have the double benefit of killing Israelis and fueling the Left's anger.

Examples. Leftist anti-Zionists include educators, journalists, artists, bureaucrats, priests, pastors, and rabbis. A wide range of non-governmental organizations from Amnesty International to the World Council of Churches have jumped on the bandwagon. The Black Lives Matter platform accuses Israel of "apartheid" and "genocide." Hard-left politicians almost everywhere represent the most anti-Zionist views in their countries.

George Floyd in keffiyeh and in front of a Palestinian flag, painted on Israel's separation barrier on the West Bank.

"Woke" corporations have joined the battle. Airbnb, an online marketplace for short-term homestays, banned Israelis living on the West Bank from renting out their homes on the platform, while permitting Palestinians to do so, before reversing itself when facing discrimination lawsuits.

Among politicians, it is true, Bernie Sanders did not become U.S. president or Jeremy Corbyn British prime minister, but rabid anti-Zionists have a foothold in both countries' legislatures; in one example, they opposed the U.S. House of Representatives' resolution congratulating Israel on its 75^th anniversary. Anti-Zionist forces are globally on the ascent, as witnessed by Gabriel Boric ("Israel is a genocidal and murderous state") and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, elected the presidents of Chile and Brazil in 2022 respectively, while Humza Yousaf was elected Scotland's first minister in March last year. Current trends suggest that the Élysée Palace, 10 Downing Street, and the White House are within eventual reach.

Leftist hostility towards Israel can take extreme verbal forms, as several examples from before Oct. 7 reveal. Slogans shouted during a demonstration at New York's Grand Central Station, one of the city's most prominent spaces, included: "Free them all, Zionism must fall! Settler, settler, go back home! Palestine is ours alone! We don't want no two states, we want all of it! Five, six, seven, eight, crush the settler Zionist State!" English musician Roger Waters compared Israel to Nazi Germany. Rafiki Morris of the All-African People's Revolutionary Party, stated at a rally in Washington, D.C. that "The only good Zionist is a dead Zionist."

Anti-Israel demonstrators rallied in front of Sydney's Opera House on Oct. 9, 2023.

Some leftists go beyond words: Rachel Corrie made the ultimate sacrifice in 2003 by purposefully placing herself in the path of an armored bulldozer operated by the Israel Defense Forces, getting herself crushed, killed, and turned into a Palestinian "martyr."

Conclusion. Iran and the Palestinians pose opposite existential dangers to Israel: violence, not narrative; narrative, not violence. From the Jewish state's vantage point, Palestinian acceptance is as important as ending the Iranian threat. Their interplay has synergism, with each reinforcing the other. Together, they obstruct Israel's becoming a normal state. Until it can overcome them, it belongs to that small number of states (Bahrain is another) whose very existence remains in question.

Daniel Pipes (DanielPipes.org, @DanielPipes) is president of the Middle East Forum and author of the just-published Israel Victory: How Zionists Win Acceptance and Palestinians Get Liberated (Wicked Son), from which this article partially derives. © 2024 by Daniel Pipes. All rights reserved.