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al-Jihad? It really means missionary warfare (Patricia Crone 2007)Reader comment on item: Slaves on Horses Submitted by dhimmi no more (United States), Jul 12, 2015 at 11:53 Dr. Pipes I urge the readers to read what Patricia Crone wrote about what is really al-Jihad and she defines it as: "missionary warfare" No one can define it any better than this and here is the article "Jihad Idea and History" and here is the link https://www.opendemocracy.net/faith-europe_islam/jihad_4579.jsp We have lost an amazing scholar who really helped in changing the way we must view the history of early Islam May she rest in peace
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